Retaining wall and method of constructing same



Jan. 4, 1966 3,226,935

RETAINING WALL AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SAME Filed June 8, 1961 J. W-SCHNELLER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Md 5 n N y m w W f m RETAINING WALL ANDMETHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SAME Filed June 8, 1961 Jan. 4, 1966 w. SCHNELLER2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W m mm w E Z A a vjmwB W. I 1 r A 7 3,226,935 RETAININGWALL AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SAME Joseph W. Schneller, 402 LongmeadowRoad, Eggertsville, N .Y. Filed June 8, 1961, Ser. No. 116,241 8 Claims.(CI. 6149) This invention relates to retaining wall construction andmore particularly to a new and improved retaining wall constructed alongthe berm line of a body of water such as a canal, and a new and improvedmethod of constructing such Wall. t

The present invention is especially useful in constructing canalbulkheads in the southern portions of the United States, specifically instates like Florida wherein swampy or low land is being reclaimed forboth residential and business building purposes. In such areas it iscommon practice to form bodies of water such as canals by digging outthe swampy or low land and using the dug out earth to build up dry landareas between such canals. Once this 3,226,935 Patented Jan. 4, 1966FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of forms utilized to shape apile-reinforced footing of a wall constructed according to still anotherembodiment of the invention, and

, FIG; 9 is a partial perspective view of forms utilized to shape apile-reinforced footing of a Wall constructed according to a stillfurther embodiment of the invention.

Referring to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like parts,the various embodiments of the invention will now be described indetail.

As will beapparent from FIGS. 15, the first embodiment shown therein isespecially adapted for use when rock bed with the surface of the groundG adjoining the canal initial operation is completed, it is thennecessary to prevent erosion of the soil adjoining the canals bybuilding retaining Walls or bulkheads, and a primary consideration inconstructing such retaining walls is cost, from both the material andlabor standpoints.

This consideration becomes critical where rock or coral is encounteredso as to prohibit jetting the walls in place, or where the soil is sosoft that stability cannot be maintained without the use of piles. Asused herein, the term jetting refers to the application of waterpressure from the nozzle of a hose topart the earth along the berm lineand thereby permit the upstanding wall components to be partially sunkedgewise into the ground. 3

Accordingly, it is a primary object of the invention to provide a newand improved retaining wall and a new and improved method ofconstructing the same along the berm line of a body of water, such walland method being especially adapted for use under theabove mentionedcircumstances and producing substantialsavings in both material andlabor costs.

Another object is to provide such 'a wall and method wherein corrugatedsheets of economical, light weight and rigid material such as asbestoscement are used to facilitate and expedite construction of the wall.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent uponconsideration of the following detailed description and accompanyingdrawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of forms utilized to shape afooting of a wall constructedaccording to one embodiment of theinvention; t

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the footing of FIG. 1 afterpouring; i

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective View of the completed footing of FIG. 1following removal of the forms and formation of the keyway in thefooting;

FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view illustrating a partially completedwall including the arrangement and locking of the corrugated sheetsembedded in the keyway of the footing of FIGS. 1-3;

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view illustrating the wall of FIG. 4after completion, following installation of the cap, deadman andanchoring rod, and the backfilling operation, all according to said oneembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of forms utilized to shape apile-reinforced footing of a wall constructed according to anotherembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of forms utilized to shape apile-reinforced footing of a wall constructed according to a furtherembodiment of the invention;

is denoted at BL.

In practicing the invention according to this and the other embodiments,it is preferred that a trench 141 be dug along the berm line BL.However, this step is not absolutely necessary and can be dispensedwith, such as when rock or coral is encountered along the surface of theground.

Following the trenching operation, a pair of laterally spaced forms 11are erected on their longitudinal edges in the trench 10 and arranged sothat one extends along the berm line BL and the other is inland thereof.In a typical installation, each form would be made of wood about 2inches thick and 16 inches wide, and the forms would be spaced about 16inches apart to form a square footing.

Next, the desired number of longitudinally spaced cross-pieces or straps12 are nailed to the upper edges of the forms, and these cross-pieces inturn carry an elongated keyway forming member 13- which may be nailedthereto. This member, in a typical installation, is in the form of anelongated 4 by 4 wooden piece which extends longitudinally along theberm line BL and is centered between the forms 11. It is to be notedthat the trench It) is initially made Wider than the spaced forms 11,and these forms are held from collapsing outwardly away from each otherby the usual transverse tension rods or wires (not shown), after whichthe walls of the trench are built up against forms 11 for addedstability.

Following this, a sufficient quantity of suitable selfsettingcementitious material 14 such as concrete is poured to fill the spacebetween forms 11 and is provided with the usual preplaced reinforcingrods 15, as shown in FIG. 2. While selection of the concrete mix may bevaried as desired, it is suggested that the lowest possible slump whichis practical to pour be used for speed of setting.

After the concrete 14 has set, the forms 11, crosspieces 12 and member13 are removed, thereby leaving the completed, i.e., cast-in-placereinforced footing 16 which is provided with the upwardly open andlongitudinally extending central keyway 17, as best seen in FIG. 3. t

The footing 16 is now ready for installation or" the corrugated sheets18, as illustrated in FIG. 4. These sheets are formed of light weightand rigid, mineral fibercement material such as asbestos cement and arecommercially available. Typically, the sheets are of elongatedrectangular shape and vary in length from about 4 to about 12 feetmeasured along their corrugations 19, and are usually about 42 incheswide. Depending upon thickness, their weight ranges from about 4.2 lbs.per square foot to about 5.8 lbs. per square foot, and the pitch of thecorrugation 19, measured from center to center, is about 4.2 inches.These asbestos cement sheets are natural grey in color and have athickness (measured between the crest and vale of .a corrugation)ranging from approximately 0.4 inch to about 0.610 inch, with the depthof the corrugation varying from about 1% inches to about 1.6 inches.

The pertinent strength characteristics of such asbestos cement sheets,when saturated with water and measured on a per foot width basis, are asfollows, with the smallest values being for the thinnest sheet and thelargest values for the thickest sheet: modulus of elasticity from about3.4 10 p.s.i. to about 5.4 10 p.s.i.; moment of inertia from about 0.764in. to about 1.26 inf; section modulus from about 1.01 in. to about 1.58in. modulus of rupture or breaking stress from about 3380 p.s.i. toabout 6000 p.s.i. and shear load per foot width from about 2795 lbs. toabout 5880 lbs. As will be apparent, such sheets have a high ratio ofstrength to weight and are quite suitable for their intended use. As amatter of fact, the saturated strength values are approximately 80% ofthose for a completely dry product, which further indicates theirsuitability for retaining wall construction.

In a typical wall, sheets 18 of about 5 feet in length are employed, andare installed as follows. Each sheet 18 is stood on edge with itscorrugations 19 extending upwardly, and its lower edge is installedlengthwise in the keyway 17. As the sheets 18 are installed one afteranother in upstanding contiguous relationship, they are arranged so thata corrugation of each sheet overlaps a corrugation of an adjacent sheet,as clearly seen in FIG. 4, and such sheets are locked together byfastening the overlapping corrugations 19 in any suitable manner.

For example, each sheet may be provided with a through hole 20 in itsend corrugation 19 near its upper edge, and a wire 21 may be passedthrough aligned holes in the overlapping corrugations, after which theWire is formed into a loop and its ends are tied. This particular mannerof locking the sheets together is described in greater detail in myrelated copending application Serial No. 105,635 filed April 26, 1961,and entitled Method of Constructing Retaining Wall.

During the installation of sheets 18, they may be braced in any suitablemanner (not shown), to maintain them in the desired upstanding positionwhile their lower edges are anchored in the keyway 17 as follows. Asufficient quantity of self-setting cementitious material 22 such asmortar or grout is poured into the keyway until the space herein on bothsides of sheets 18 is filled. This operation is known as embedding thelower edges of the sheets 18 in keyway 17, and securely anchors thelower edges of the sheets in place.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a completed wall W is illustrated therein. Oncethe grout or mortar 22 has set, the sheets are provided with a cap 23along their upper edges. Typically, the cap 23 is formed fromcementitious material such as concrete and which cap is poured in placeand reinforced with one or more rods 24. Suitable forms (not shown) areemployed to define the shape of the cap 23 and these forms are removedfollowing pouring and setting of the concrete. In a typicalinstallation, the cap 23 is about 6 inches high by inches wide, and theupper edges of sheets 18 are embedded longitudinally and centeredtherein to a depth of about 2 inches.

At the same time, the desired number of deadmen, in the form of concreteblocks 30 (only one being shown) are formed in the ground G at thedesired distance behind or landward of sheets 18. These deadmen 30 areeach connected to cap 23 by an anchor rod 31 which has its lower hook 32embedded in the deadman and its upper hook 33 embedded in cap 23,preferably around reinforcing rod 24. When such rods 31 are later loadedby the backfill BF, resistance is provided by the weight of the concretein the deadman 30 and the soil between the deadman and the wall W.

After the cap 23, deadman 30 and anchor rods 31 are in place, the jointsbetween the overlapping corrugations 19 of sheets 18 are suitablesealed, such as with tar, tar paper or mortar. The final operation ismoving the earth to provide the backfill BF behind the wall W. However,prior to this operation, the landward sides of the sheets 18 may bereinforced with a quantity of stabilized soil (no shown), all asdescribed in detail in my aforesaid copending application.

From the foregoing, it will be evident that practicing the inventionprovides not only a strong and stable wall W, but also one which is botheconomical and simple to construct. The use of the light weightcorrugated asbestos cement sheets 18 contribute greatly to the savingsin material and labor costs efiected because they are not only low inprice, but are also strong and easy to handle, there usually being noneed for heavy equipment such as a crane to erect such sheets.

Referring now to FIGS. 6-9, each of these embodiments of the inventionrelates to a pile reinforced footing. These embodiments are especiallyadapted for use where the soil adjoining the berm line BL is unstable inorder to stabilize the same.

Practice of the invention according to the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6 is the same as for the embodiment of FIGS. 15, except that priorto pouring the concrete 14 forming footing 16, a plurality oflongitudinally and laterally spaced piles are partially sunk into theground along the opposing surfaces of forms 11, i.e., until they extenddownwardly a substantial distance below the bottom surface of trench 10and upwardly a substantially shorter distance above such surface. Thesepiles 34 are preferably in the form of wooden members such as railroadties which have approximate dimensions of 6 inches x 8 inches x 6 feet 8inches, and are preferably jetted but can be driven into the grounduntil their upper edges are recessed about 4 inches below the tops offorms 11. Whereupon, the footing 16 is poured along, over and betweenthe exposed surfaces of piles 34 to securely embed the piles in thefooting. Thus, the footing 16, when reinforced with piles 34, providesan exceptionally stable base for the wall W.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a third embodiment of the invention isillustrated therein, and the invention is practiced in the same manneras for FIGS. 1-5, with the following exceptions. After the trench 10 isdug, if used at all, a plurality of upstanding contiguous lower sheets18a are jetted one by one into the ground along the berm line BLcentrally in trench 10. In performing this operation, each sheet 18a isfirst arranged on edge in an upstanding position with its corrugationextending upwardly along the berm line, and then the usual hose nozzle(not shown) is employed to part the earth in the usual manner and topermit the sheets 18a to sink into the ground to the desired level,which is indicated by the fact that the corrugations of such sheetsextend downwardly a substantial distance below the bottom surface oftrench 10 and upwardly a substantially shorter distance above suchsurface. In a typical installation, these sheets are 4 feet in lengthand protiude about 4 inches above the bottom of trench 10.

After one sheet has been sunk, the next sheet is similarly arranged andsunk except that its end corrugation 19a overlaps the end corrugation19a of the previously sunk sheet, and when the subsequent sheet is sunkto the desired level, these sheets are locked together to prevent thesubsequent sheet from sinking further into the ground than thepreviously sunk sheet. This locking operation may be accomplished in anysuitable manner, such as by providing the holes 20a in the overlappingcorrugations near their upper edges and looping the wire 21atherethrough, just as described with reference to FIG. 4 for uppersheets 18, as well as in my aforesaid copending application.

Once the sheets 18a are in place to form the continuous piles, the forms11 are erected and the footing 16 and keyway 17 are formed, i.e.,cast-in-place, as described above, the footing being poured along andover the exposed surface of the piles for securely embedding the same inthe footing. This embodiment of the invention is also particularlysuited to use under' unstable soil conditions, and may be usedadvantageously where jetting operations are feasible to provide thedesired stable base for the wall, while simplifying the pile formingoperation, as compared to the embodiment of FIG. 6.

A fourth embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8, andpractice of the invention in accordance with this embodiment is the sameas for the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 except that thecenteredlower corrugated sheets 18b are spaced longitudinally along theberm line BL to form a plurality of individual piles rather thancontinuous piles. In a typical installation, the sheets 18b are 4 feetin length but are cut to 12 inches in width.

As will be apparent, a wall constructed in accordance with thisembodiment is also specially suitable for unstable soil, yet a saving inmaterial cost is effected by spacing the pile-forming sheets 1%.

Referring now to FIG. 9, the fifth embodiment of the invention is showntherein. Like the embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8, lower corrugated sheetsare employed to form piles. However, the sheets 180, which are typically42 inches wide and 4- feet long, are jetted into the ground in twolaterally spaced rows along the berm line BL to simultaneously produceforms equivalent to the wooden forms 11 used in the previousembodiments. In a typical installation, the sheets 18c are sunk so thattheir exposed surfaces extend about 16 inches above the ground and arespaced the same distance apart to define the shape of the footing 16. Inaddition, the sheets 180 in each row are suitably locked together toobtain the desired uniform height, as by looped wires 21c. passingthrough alined holes 200 in the overlapping corrugations 190.

In locating the keyway forming member 13, the crosspieces 12 may besecured to the top edges of the sheets 18c in any suitable manner. Forexample, the crosspieces 12. may extend betweena pair of inwardly facingcorrugations 19c and be held in place by nails 35 abutting the outersurfaces of such corrugations.

This embodiment of the invention is, like the embodiments of FIGS. 6, 7and 8 especially suited where the soil is quite unstable, and has anadvantage over each of the foregoing embodiments in that the sheets 18cfunction both as forms for the pouring of the fitting 16 as well ascontinuous piles for reinforcing such footing, thereby resulting infurther substantial savings in both labor and material costs.

It will now be seen how the invention accomplishes its various objects,and numerous additional advantages of the invention will alsobeapparent. While the invention has been described and illustratedherein by reference to certain embodiments, it is to be understood thatvarious changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilledin the art without departing from the invention, the scope of which isto be determined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In the method of constructing a retaining wall on unstable groundalong the berm lineof a body of water, the steps comprising: stabilizingsaid ground by sinking edgewise into said ground along said berm line arow of piles in the form of upstanding corrugated lower sheets ofrlightWeight and rigid, mineral fiber-cement material, until the corrugationsof said lower sheets extend downwardly a substantial distance below asurface of said ground and upwardly a substantially shorter distanceabove said surface, casting-in-place on said surface and along exposedsurfaces of said piles an elongated footing a self-setting cementitiousmaterial and forming therein an upwardly open and longitudinallyextending keyway, installing longitudinally in said keyway the lower 6edges of a row of .upstandingcontiguous corrugated upper sheets of lightweight and rigid, mineral fiber-cement material, with the corrugationsof said upper sheets extending upwardly and with end corrugations ofsaid upper sheets overlapping corrugations, and embedding the loweredges of said upper sheets in said keyway by filling the space thereinon both sides of said upper sheets with selfsetting cementitiousmaterial.

2. In the method of constructing a retaining wall on unstable groundalong the berm line of a body of water, the steps comprising:stabilizing said ground by sinking edgewise into said ground along saidberm line a row of continuous piles, in the form of upstandingcontiguous corrugated lower sheets of light weight and rigid, mineralfiber-cement material, until the corrugations of said lower sheetsextend downwardly a substantial distance below a surface of said groundand upwardly a substantially shorter distance above said surface, withend corrugations of said lower sheets overlapping, casting-in-place onsaid surface and along exposed surfaces of said piles an elongatedfooting of self-setting cementitious material and forming therein anupwardly open and longitudinally extending keyway, installinglongitudinally in said keyway the lower edges of a row of upstandingcontiguous corrugated upper sheets of light weight and rigid, mineralfiber-cement material, with the corrugations of said upper sheetsextending upwardly, and with end corrugations of said upper sheetsoverlapping, locking said upper sheets together by fastening saidoverlapping corrugations, and embedding the lower edges of said uppersheets in'said keyway by filling the space therein on both sides of saidupper sheets with self-setting cementitious material.

3. In the method of constructing a retaining wall on unstable groundalong the berm line of a body of water, the steps comprising:stabilizing said ground by sinking .edgewise into said ground along saidberm line a row of continuous piles, in the form of upstandingcontiguous corrugated lower sheets of light weight and rigid, mineralfiber-cement material, until the corrugations of said lower sheetsextend downwardly a substantial distance below a surface of said groundand upwardly a substantially shorter distance above said surface, withend corrugations of said lower sheets overlapping, casting-in-place onsaid surface and centering along and over the exposed surfaces of saidpiles, an elongated footing of self-setting cementitious material andforming therein an upwardly open and longitudinally extending keyway,installing longitudinally in said keyway the lower edges of a row ofupstanding contiguous corrugated upper sheets, of light weight andrigid, mineral fiber-cement material, with the corrugations of saidupper sheets extending upwardly, and with end corrugations of said uppersheets overlapping, locking said upper sheets together by fastening saidoverlapping corrugations, and embedding the lower edges of said uppersheets in said keyway by filling the space therein on both sides of saidupper sheets with self-setting cementitious material.

4. In the method of constructing a retaining wall on unstable groundalong the berm line of a body of water, the steps comprising:stabilizing said ground and simultaneously erecting a pair of laterallyspaced and elongated forms by sinking edgewise into said ground alongsaid berm line a pair of laterally spaced rows of continuous piles inthe form of upstanding contiguous corrugated lower sheets of lightWeight and rigid, mineral fiber;-

-cement material, until the corrugations of said lower cementitiousmaterial and forming therein an upwardly open and longitudinallyextending keyway, installing longitudinally in said keyway the loweredges of a row of upstanding contiguous corrugated upper sheets of lightweight and rigid, mineral fiber-cement material, with the corrugationsof said upper sheets extending upwardly, and with end corrugations ofsaid upper sheets overlapping, locking said upper sheets together byfastening said overlapping corrugations and embedding the lower edges ofsaid upper sheets with self-setting cementitious material.

5. In a retaining wall constructed on unstable ground along the bermline of a body of water, the combination comprising: a row of piles inthe form of upstanding corrugated lower sheets of light weight andrigid, mineral fiber-cement material stabilizing and sunk into saidground along said berm line, with the corrugations of said lower sheetsextending downwardly a substantial distance below a surface of saidground and upwardly a substantial shorter distance above said surface,an elongated footing of self-set cementitious material cast-in-place onsaid surface and along exposed surfaces of said piles and provided withan upwardly open and longitudinally extending keyway, a row ofupstanding, contiguous corrugated upper sheets of light weight andrigid, mineral fibercement material having their lower edges installedlongitudinally in said keyway, with the corrugations of said uppersheets extending upwardly and with end corrugations of said upper sheetsoverlapping, means fastening said overlapping corrugations and lockingsaid upper sheets together, and self-set cementitious material embeddingthe lower edges of said upper sheets in said keyway by filling the spacetherein on both sides of said upper sheets.

6. In a retaining wall constructed on unstable ground along the bermline of a body of water, the combination comprising: a row of contiguouspiles in the form of upstanding contiguous corrugated lower sheets oflight weight and rigid, mineral fiber-cement material stabilizing andsunk into said ground along said berm line, with the corrugations ofsaid lower sheets extending downwardly a substantial distance below asurface of said ground and upwardly a substantially shorter distanceabove said surface and with end corrugations of said lower sheetsoverlapping, an elongated footing of self-set cementitious materialcast-in-place on said surface and along exposed surfaces of said pilesand provided with an upwardly open and longitudinally extending keyway,a row of upstanding, contiguous corrugated upper sheets of light weightand rigid, mineral fiber-cement material having their lower edgesinstalled longitudinally in said keyway, with the corrugations of saidupper sheets extending upwardly and with end corrugations of said uppersheets overlapping, means fastening said overlapping corrugations andlocking said upper sheets together, and selfset cementitious materialembedding the lower edges of said upper sheets in said keyway by fillingthe space there in on both sides of said upper sheets. i

7. In a retaining wall constructed on unstable ground along the bermline of a body of water, the combination comprising: a row of continuouspiles in the form of upstanding contiguous corrugated lower sheets oflight weight and rigid, mineral fiber-cement material stabilizing andsunk into said ground along said berm line, with the corrugations ofsaid lower sheets extending down wardly a substantial distance below asurface of said ground and upwardly a substantially shorter distanceabove said surface, and with end corrugations of said lower sheetsoverlapping, an elongated footing of self-set cementitious materialcast-in-place on said surface and centered along and over the exposedsurfaces of said piles and provided with an upwardly open andlongitudinally extending keyway, a row of upstanding, contiguouscorrugated upper sheets of light weight and rigid, mineral fiber-cementmaterial having their lower edges installed longitudinally in saidkeyway, with the corrugations of said upper sheets extending upwardly,and with end corrugations of said upper sheets overlapping, meansfastening said overlapping corrugations and locking said upper sheetstogether, and self-set cementitious material embedding the lower edgesof said upper sheets in said keyway by filling the space therein on bothsides of said upper sheets.

8. In a retaining wall constructed on unstable ground along the bermline of a body of water, the combination comprising: a pair of laterallyspaced rows of continuous piles in the form of upstanding contiguouscorrugated sheets of light weight and rigid, mineral fiber-cementmaterial stabilizing and sunk edgewise into said ground along said bermline and simultaneously forming an erected pair of laterally spaced andelongated forms, with the corrugations of said lower sheets extendingdownwardly a substantial distance below a surface of said ground andupwardly a substantially shorter distance above said surface, and withend corrugations of said lower sheets overlapping, an elongated footingof selfset cementitious material cast-in-place on said surface andbetween and along the opposing exposed surfaces of said piles andprovided with an upwardly open and longitudinally extending keyway, arow of upstanding, contiguous corrugated upper sheets of light weightand rigid, mineral fiber-cement material having their lower edgesinstalled longitudinally in said keyway, with the corrugations of saidupper sheets extending upwardly, and with end corrugations of said uppersheets overlapping, means fastening said overlapping corrugations andlocking said upper sheets together, and self-set cementitious materialembedding the lower edges of said upper sheets in said keyway by fillingthe space therein on both sides of said upper sheets.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 975,665 11/1910Wemlinger 6141 1,019,180 3/1912 Naylor 50-100 1,423,884 7/1922 Rush61-49 1,602,623 10/1926 Noetzli 6131 1,778,574 10/1930 Thornley 61391,888,630 11/1932 Knight 61-31 1,964,870 7/1934 Chappell 50533 2,099,54211/1937 Stevens 6158 2,200,636 5/1940 Palmer 50186 2,573,987 11/1951Sage 50100 2,769,277 11/1956 Kellor 61-35 X 2,815,656 12/1957 Klein eta1 5100 3,031,801 5/1962 Leuthesser 50-100 X FOREIGN PATENTS 524,73112/1953 Belgium.

OTHER REFERENCES Architectural Forum of July 1951, pp. 188. AmericanBuilder: February 1960, pp. 164165.

CHARLES E. OCONNELL, Primary Examiner.

JACOB L. NACKENOFF, JACOB SHAPIRO,

Examiners.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No.3,226,935 January 4, 1966 Joseph W, Schneller It is hereby certifiedthat error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction andthat the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

In the grant, lines 1 to 3, for "Joseph W. Schneller, of Eggertsville,New York," read Joseph W. Schneller, of Eggertsville, New York, assignorto National Gypsum Company, of Buffalo, New York, a corporation ofDelaware, line 12, for "Joseph W. Schneller, his heirs" read NationalGypsum Company, its successors in the heading to the printedspecification, lines 4 and 5, for "Joseph W. Schneller, 402 LongmeadowRoad, Eggertsville, N. Y." read Joseph W. Schneller, Eggertsville, N. Y.assignor to National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y., a corporation ofDelaware column 4, line 8, for "no" read not column 5, line 73, for "a"read of column 7, lifle 33, for "contiguous" read continuous Signed andsealed this 29th day of November 1966.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer I Commissioner ofPatents

1. IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A RETAINING WALL ON UNSTABLE GROUNDALONG THE BERM LINE OF A BODY OF WATER, THE STEPS COMPRISING:STABILIZING SAID GROUND BY SINKING EDGEWISE INTO SAID GROUND ALONG SAIDBERM LINE A ROW OF PILES IN THE FORM OF UPSTANDING CORRUGATED LOWERSHEETS OF LIGHT WEIGHT AND RIGID, MINERAL FIBER-CEMENT MATERIAL, UNTILTHE ORRUGATIONS OF SAID LOWER SHEETS EXTEND DOWNWARDLY A SUBSTANTIALDISTANCE BELOW A SURFACE OF SAID GROUND AND UPWARDLY A SUBSTANTIALLYSHORTER DISTANCE ABOVE SAID SURFACE, CASTING-IN-PLACE ON SAID SURFACEAND ALONG EXPOSED SURFACES OF SAID PILES AN ELONGATED FOOTING ASELF-SETTING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL AND FORMING THEREIN AN UPWARDLY OPENAND LONGITUDINALLY EXTENDING KEYWAY, INSTALLING LONGITUDINALLY IN SAIDKEYWAY THE LOWER EDGES OF A ROW OF UPSTANDING CONTIGUOUS CORRUGATEDUPPER SHEETS OF LIGHT WEIGHT AND RIGID, MINERAL FIBER-CEMENT MATERIAL,WITH THE CORRUGATIONS OF SAID UPPER SHEETS EXTENDING UPWARDLY AND WITHEND CORRUGATIONS OF SAID UPPER SHEETS OVERLAPPING CORRUGATIONS, ANDEMBEDDING THE LOWER EDGES OF SAID UPPER SHEETS IN SAID KEYWAY BY FILLINGTHE SPACE THEREIN ON BOTH SIDES OF SAID UPPER SHEETS WITH SELFSETTINGCEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL.